Mining geophysics is the study of mineral deposits and how to extract them using geophysical methods. Subsurface geology and mineral reserves can be estimated using seismic, electromagnetic, gravitational, magnetic, and electrical resistivity measurements. Geophysicists employ rock and mineral properties to map formations, detect mineralization anomalies, and calculate ore body size and depth. This data aids decision-making in mineral exploration, mine planning, and resource management, leading to more efficient and sustainable mining operations.